Prepositions

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1) About

Concerning or related to something.

She is reading a book about space.
They talked about their future plans.
He asked about the new project.
I don’t know much about that topic.
Can you tell me more about it?

2) Above

At a higher position than something else.

The clock is above the door.
The plane flew above the clouds.
The temperature is above average today.
The sun rose above the horizon.
Can you put the picture above the bed?

3) Across

From one side to the other.

They walked across the street.
The bridge goes across the river.
She swam across the lake.
He looked across the room.
Can you help me get across the road?

4) After

Later in time than something else.

We will go to the park after lunch.
She went home after the meeting.
The movie starts after 8 PM.
He left after saying goodbye.
Can you call me after class?

5) Against

In opposition to or touching something.

He leaned against the wall.
They played against the best team.
She was against the new rule.
The wind was blowing against the window.
Are you for or against this decision?

6) Along

In a line next to or beside something.

They walked along the river.
There are trees along the road.
We traveled along the coast.
He placed the books along the shelf.
She ran along the beach.

7) Among

Surrounded by; in the middle of.

She was sitting among her friends.
The letter was hidden among the papers.
There is a lot of competition among the students.
The decision was popular among the employees.
He was well-known among his colleagues.

8) Around

In a circular way or surrounding something.

She looked around the room.
They traveled around the world.
The children ran around the playground.
There are many shops around the square.
He wrapped a scarf around his neck.

9) As

Used to describe a role, function, or comparison.

She works as a teacher.
He acted as the leader of the group.
He ran as fast as he could.
As we expected, it started to rain.
She used the box as a table.

10) At

Used to indicate a place, time, or point.

She is waiting at the bus stop.
We met at 5 PM.
He is good at playing the piano.
The children are at school.
They arrived at the airport on time.

11) Before

Earlier in time or in front of something.

Please arrive before 9 AM.
He stood before the judge.
I had never seen that movie before.
Wash your hands before eating.
Can we talk before the meeting?

12) Behind

At the back of or later than something.

The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
He stood behind me in the line.
She left her keys behind.
The car is parked behind the building.
Who is standing behind you?

13) Below

At a lower level than something else.

The temperature is below freezing.
The airplane flew below the clouds.
The shelves are below the cabinets.
The river is far below the bridge.
Can you write your name below the line?

14) Beneath

Under something or lower in position.

The book was hidden beneath the pillow.
The treasure was buried beneath the sand.
She wore a sweater beneath her coat.
The city is beneath the mountain.
What is beneath the table?

15) Beside

Next to or close to something.

She sat beside her best friend.
The lamp is beside the bed.
The car stopped beside the road.
The dog lay beside the fireplace.
Can you stand beside me?

16) Between

In the space separating two things.

The school is between the library and the park.
She stood between her two brothers.
There is a small table between the chairs.
The road runs between two mountains.
Can you choose between tea and coffee?

17) Beyond

Further than or outside the limits of something.

The mountains extend beyond the horizon.
The road continues beyond the village.
His knowledge goes beyond science.
The stars shine beyond our galaxy.
Can you see beyond the hills?

18) But (except)

Excluding or apart from something.

Everyone but John was present.
She likes all fruits but oranges.
Nothing but hard work will lead to success.
The park is open every day but Monday.
Do you like all animals but snakes?

19) By

Near, beside, or done using something.

She sat by the window.
The book was written by a famous author.
He passed by the store on his way home.
The painting was done by a talented artist.
Can you stand by me?

20) Concerning

About or regarding something.

The teacher spoke concerning the exam.
There was an email concerning the meeting.
The news concerning the economy worried him.
The law concerning safety was changed.
Do you have any questions concerning your job?

21) Considering

Taking into account; in view of.

Considering the weather, we should stay inside.
She did well, considering her lack of experience.
He is in good shape, considering his age.
Considering his efforts, he deserves a reward.
The trip was enjoyable, considering the long journey.

22) Despite

Even though; in spite of.

Despite the rain, they continued playing.
She finished the race despite her injury.
He stayed calm despite the bad news.
Despite being tired, he kept working.
They succeeded despite many challenges.

23) Down

Moving towards a lower position.

She walked down the stairs.
The ball rolled down the hill.
He looked down at his feet.
The temperature went down at night.
She sat down on the chair.

24) During

Throughout a period of time.

She fell asleep during the movie.
He stayed at home during the holidays.
It rained during the night.
They met during their vacation.
No one spoke during the meeting.

25) Except

Not including; other than.

Everyone came except Tom.
I like all fruits except bananas.
The store is open every day except Sunday.
They did everything except clean the house.
The museum is free except on weekends.

26) For

Used to indicate purpose, duration, or recipient.

This gift is for you.
We waited for an hour.
She bought a book for her friend.
He is studying for his exam.
They left for the airport early.

27) From

Indicating the starting point of a location or action.

She is from Canada.
I got this book from the library.
They walked from the hotel to the beach.
He learned a lot from his mistakes.
We drove from New York to Boston.

28) In

Inside a place or during a period of time.

She is in the kitchen.
The book is in my bag.
They arrived in January.
He lives in New York.
She works in a hospital.

29) Inside

Within something; the opposite of outside.

It is warm inside the house.
She put the keys inside her bag.
The dog stayed inside during the storm.
They found a note inside the book.
There was a surprise inside the box.

30) Into

Movement toward the inside of something.

She walked into the room.
He jumped into the pool.
They drove into the city.
He put his phone into his pocket.
The cat ran into the house.

31) Like

Similar to or in the same way as something.

She sings like a professional singer.
He runs like an athlete.
The cake tastes like chocolate.
She looks like her mother.
Do you want to travel like an explorer?

32) Near

Close to or not far from something.

They live near the park.
The store is near my house.
He sat near the window.
The airport is near the city center.
Can you stay near me?

33) Of

Belonging to, related to, or made from something.

This is the door of the house.
She is a friend of mine.
The pages of the book are torn.
The top of the mountain is covered in snow.
Can you give me a cup of coffee?

34) Off

Away from or not connected to something.

She turned off the lights.
The plane took off at noon.
He fell off his bicycle.
Take your shoes off before entering.
Can you switch off the fan?

35) On

Touching or supported by a surface.

The book is on the table.
He placed his keys on the shelf.
They went on a trip last weekend.
There is a stain on your shirt.
Can you put the cup on the counter?

36) Onto

Moving to a position on a surface.

She jumped onto the bed.
He placed the box onto the table.
The cat climbed onto the roof.
The ball rolled onto the street.
Can you lift the bag onto the shelf?

37) Out

Away from or beyond something.

She went out for a walk.
The cat ran out of the house.
He looked out the window.
The fire went out quickly.
Can we go out for dinner tonight?

38) Outside

Beyond or not inside a place.

The children are playing outside.
The car is parked outside the house.
He waited outside the store.
The weather outside is cold.
Can we sit outside in the sun?

39) Over

Above or higher than something, or moving across something.

The bridge goes over the river.
She threw the ball over the fence.
The bird flew over the house.
He jumped over the puddle.
Can you put the blanket over the bed?

40) Past

Earlier than the current time, or beyond something.

The car drove past us.
We walked past the store on our way home.
It is a story from the past.
The event took place in the past century.
Can you leave the past behind?

41) Regarding

Concerning or about something.

The letter is regarding your application.
We had a meeting regarding the new project.
She asked a question regarding the schedule.
The email was sent regarding the changes.
Can you provide more details regarding the topic?

42) Round

Shaped like a circle or having a curved surface.

The table is round in shape.
She wore a round hat.
He drew a round shape on the paper.
The clock face is round.
Can you make a round cake for the party?

43) Since

From a particular time until now, or because of something.

She has been studying since morning.
We have known each other since childhood.
He left since he wasn't feeling well.
Since then, he has been very busy.
Can you tell me what happened since last week?

44) Through

Moving from one side to another within something.

He walked through the park.
She passed through the tunnel.
The water flowed through the pipes.
The message was sent through email.
Can you see through the glass?

45) Throughout

In every part of something or during the entire period of something.

She traveled throughout Europe last year.
The teacher was very kind throughout the day.
The news spread throughout the country.
Throughout history, people have believed in magic.
Can you see the pattern throughout the project?

46) Till

Until (a particular time or event).

We waited till the rain stopped.
Stay till the end of the movie.
He worked till late at night.
She will be here till Friday.
Can we stay till the concert is over?

47) To

Indicating direction, place, or purpose.

She is going to the store.
He gave the book to his friend.
The train goes to the airport.
We are traveling to Paris next week.
Can you pass this to me?

48) Toward

In the direction of something or someone.

They walked toward the park.
The boat sailed toward the horizon.
She moved toward the door.
He looked toward the sky.
Can you turn toward me?

49) Towards

In the direction of something.

They walked towards the station.
The car was heading towards the city.
She smiled towards the children.
He leaned towards her to hear better.
Can you move towards the door?

50) Under

Below or lower than something.

The book is under the table.
He hid the keys under the mat.
The dog is lying under the chair.
The temperature is under zero today.
Can you look under the bed for my shoes?

51) Underneath

Directly below or covered by something.

The cat is hiding underneath the couch.
She placed the letter underneath the book.
The treasure was buried underneath the sand.
The box is underneath the table.
Can you look underneath the chair?

52) Until

Up to a particular time or event.

We waited until 10 PM for the movie to start.
She stayed until the end of the concert.
The store is open until midnight.
He worked until he was exhausted.
Can we wait until tomorrow to decide?

53) Unto

To, towards, or upon something or someone.

He gave the gift unto her with a smile.
She turned unto the new chapter of her life.
The king was kind unto his people.
The path leads unto the mountain.
Can you give this unto him?

54) Up

In the direction from lower to higher.

She climbed up the stairs.
The balloon went up into the sky.
He stood up from his seat.
Let's go up to the top floor.
Can you lift the box up for me?

55) Upon

On, or immediately after something.

Upon hearing the news, she cried.
The book rests upon the shelf.
He acted upon my suggestion.
Upon arriving, they were greeted warmly.
Can you place the vase upon the table?

56) Versus

In contrast to or against something.

It's a match between team A versus team B.
The debate was about nature versus nurture.
He chose fiction versus non-fiction books.
It’s democracy versus dictatorship.
Are you in favor of progress versus tradition?

57) Via

By way of; through the use of something.

We traveled to Paris via London.
The message was sent via email.
He communicated with us via phone.
The goods were delivered via truck.
Can you send it via courier?

58) With

Accompanied by or in the company of.

She went to the store with her friend.
He lives with his family.
She helped him with his homework.
We went to the concert with excitement.
Can you come with me to the market?

59) Within

Inside or not beyond a particular limit.

The answer lies within the pages of the book.
We need to finish this project within a week.
She lives within walking distance of the school.
All the information you need is within this file.
Can you find the key within the box?

60) Without

Not having something or not accompanied by something.

He went out without his coat.
She cannot live without her phone.
They traveled without any luggage.
I can’t imagine life without music.
Can you do this without any help?

61) According to

As stated by or in agreement with someone or something.

According to the report, sales have increased.
We’ll meet according to your schedule.
According to her, the meeting was very productive.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain.
Can you provide the information according to the guidelines?

62) Ahead of

In front of or before something or someone.

She is ahead of me in the race.
We finished ahead of schedule.
The car is ahead of us in the traffic jam.
He is ahead of everyone in the competition.
Can you arrive ahead of the meeting?

63) Apart from

Except for or in addition to.

Apart from his work, he enjoys playing tennis.
Apart from the rain, the weather was perfect.
Apart from the lunch, everything went as planned.
Apart from her brother, everyone was at the party.
Can you think of anything apart from this idea?

64) As for

Concerning or regarding something or someone.

As for the report, I have not finished it yet.
As for the project, it is progressing well.
As for the food, we have everything we need.
As for her opinion, I respect it.
Can you explain your ideas as for the budget?

65) As of

From a particular time or date onward.

As of tomorrow, we will start the new plan.
As of next week, I will be available for meetings.
As of today, the new rules are in effect.
As of the beginning of the year, sales have been increasing.
Can you confirm the schedule as of Friday?

66) As per

In accordance with or according to something.

As per the instructions, please submit the form.
We are proceeding as per the agreement.
As per the contract, the payment is due next week.
As per the plan, we will leave at 10 AM.
Can you act as per the guidelines?

67) As regards

Concerning or with reference to something.

As regards the meeting, we should prepare the agenda.
As regards your request, I will need more time.
As regards the report, it’s almost finished.
As regards the project, we are on track.
Can you clarify as regards the budget proposal?

68) Because of

Due to or as a result of something.

The flight was delayed because of the weather.
We canceled the picnic because of the rain.
He left early because of a family emergency.
The game was postponed because of the snowstorm.
Can you explain why this happened because of that?

69) By means of

Through the use or action of something.

They traveled to the city by means of train.
She solved the problem by means of creative thinking.
He sent the documents by means of email.
We communicated by means of a video call.
Can you explain the process by means of a diagram?

70) Close to

Near or in proximity to something.

The store is close to my house.
She sat close to the window.
The restaurant is close to the beach.
The school is close to the park.
Are you close to your family?

71) Due to

Because of or as a result of something.

The flight was delayed due to the storm.
The meeting was canceled due to unforeseen circumstances.
He was late due to heavy traffic.
The road is closed due to construction work.
Can you explain the problem due to this error?

72) Except for

Not including or apart from something.

Everyone except for John attended the meeting.
We are open every day except for Sunday.
He likes all animals except for snakes.
Except for the weather, everything was perfect.
Can you come, except for tomorrow?

73) Far from

At a great distance from something or someone.

The hotel is far from the airport.
His house is far from the city center.
The beach is far from where we are staying.
The restaurant is far from our office.
Is it far from here?

74) In accordance with

In agreement with or according to something.

We acted in accordance with the rules.
The decision was made in accordance with company policy.
In accordance with the instructions, please fill out the form.
They worked in accordance with the guidelines.
Can you ensure this is done in accordance with the law?

75) In addition to

As well as or in addition to something.

In addition to the meeting, we will have a dinner.
She is talented in addition to being hardworking.
In addition to the documents, please bring your ID.
In addition to her job, she is also studying at university.
Can we get some dessert in addition to the main course?

76) In case of

In the event of or if something happens.

In case of an emergency, call this number.
In case of bad weather, the event will be postponed.
In case of a fire, use the emergency exit.
In case of illness, please inform your supervisor.
What should we do in case of a power outage?

77) In front of

Located at the front or ahead of something.

The car is parked in front of the house.
He stood in front of the class to give a speech.
The statue is in front of the museum.
We walked in front of the building.
Can you sit in front of me?

78) In lieu of

Instead of or in place of something.

He gave me a gift in lieu of a thank-you card.
In lieu of flowers, please make a donation to charity.
We had to send the package in lieu of the original plan.
In lieu of attending, she sent a note of apology.
Can we use this document in lieu of the other form?

79) In light of

Considering or because of something.

In light of the recent events, we have postponed the meeting.
In light of the circumstances, the decision was difficult to make.
In light of the new evidence, the case will be reopened.
We have made changes in light of your feedback.
What do you think in light of the recent developments?

80) In line with

In agreement with or in accordance with something.

The company's policies are in line with industry standards.
The results are in line with our expectations.
Her actions were in line with company values.
In line with the regulations, we will proceed with the project.
Can we align the schedule in line with your availability?

81) In spite of

Despite or regardless of something.

In spite of the rain, we went for a walk.
She succeeded in spite of the challenges.
In spite of being tired, he finished the race.
They kept playing in spite of the cold weather.
How did you manage to finish the project in spite of the obstacles?

82) Instead of

In place of or as an alternative to something.

We went to the park instead of the beach.
He chose to work from home instead of going to the office.
Instead of complaining, try to find a solution.
She decided to drink tea instead of coffee.
Can you do it instead of me?

83) In terms of

Regarding or concerning something, especially when describing or comparing it.

In terms of cost, this option is the best.
The company is growing in terms of revenue.
In terms of quality, this product is excellent.
In terms of performance, he did a great job.
Can you explain the situation in terms of the impact?

84) In the middle of

In the center or halfway through something.

We are in the middle of a meeting right now.
He found himself in the middle of an argument.
She was in the middle of reading a book.
The house is in the middle of renovation.
Can you call me back in the middle of the day?

85) In the process of

While doing something or while an action is happening.

We are in the process of updating the system.
They are in the process of hiring new staff.
In the process of cooking, she added some spices.
The company is in the process of launching a new product.
Can you help me in the process of setting this up?

86) Near to

At a short distance from something.

The shop is near to the bus stop.
We live near to the beach.
She is sitting near to the window.
The restaurant is near to the park.
Can you come near to the front?

87) Next to

Beside or immediately adjacent to something.

She sat next to me in class.
The cafe is next to the bookstore.
The car is parked next to the house.
They live next to the park.
Can you stand next to the door?

88) On account of

Because of or due to something.

The flight was canceled on account of bad weather.
He missed the meeting on account of a personal issue.
The event was delayed on account of technical difficulties.
She couldn’t attend on account of illness.
Can you explain this on account of your actions?

89) On behalf of

As a representative of or for the benefit of someone or something.

She spoke on behalf of the team.
He accepted the award on behalf of his colleague.
The letter was sent on behalf of the company.
They acted on behalf of their clients.
Can you sign the document on behalf of your manager?

90) On top of

At the highest point or position of something.

The book is on top of the table.
She placed the vase on top of the shelf.
The mountain peak was covered with snow on top of it.
The cat sat on top of the car.
Can you put the plate on top of the stack?

91) Owing to

Because of or due to something.

The match was canceled owing to the rain.
The delay was owing to technical issues.
He couldn’t attend owing to a prior commitment.
The roads were closed owing to the snowstorm.
Can we reschedule owing to your availability?

92) Prior to

Before something or earlier in time.

He left prior to the meeting starting.
We need to finish the work prior to the deadline.
Prior to his arrival, we made all the arrangements.
She called me prior to leaving the office.
Can you confirm prior to the meeting?

93) Regardless of

Without being influenced by or despite something.

He will continue working regardless of the weather.
Regardless of the challenges, they finished the project.
We must follow the rules regardless of our preferences.
She remained calm regardless of the situation.
Will you proceed regardless of the outcome?

94) Thanks to

Because of or due to someone or something.

Thanks to his efforts, we completed the task on time.
Thanks to her hard work, the team succeeded.
We had a great time thanks to your hospitality.
Thanks to the new software, the work is easier.
Can you thank her on behalf of us, thanks to her help?

95) Together with

In combination or in partnership with something or someone.

She arrived together with her colleagues.
The teacher, together with the students, cleaned the classroom.
He worked together with his team on the project.
Together with his efforts, they finished the task.
Can we go together with them?

96) With reference to

Concerning or regarding something.

With reference to your request, we will respond shortly.
The report is being prepared with reference to the guidelines.
With reference to the meeting, we are still finalizing the details.
With reference to your inquiry, we will get back to you by tomorrow.
Can you send the information with reference to this matter?

97) With regard to

Concerning or in relation to something.

With regard to the budget, we have made some changes.
With regard to your request, we will process it soon.
With regard to the proposal, we have no objections.
With regard to your concern, we are investigating the issue.
Can you clarify the situation with regard to the project?

98) Up to

As far as or until a particular point.

The store is open up to 9 PM.
He can run up to 10 miles without stopping.
We can go up to the mountain but not beyond.
The temperature will rise up to 30°C today.
Can you stay up to the end of the event?

99) Along with

In addition to or together with something.

She brought her friends along with her to the party.
The documents, along with the reports, were submitted.
He walked along with his dog in the park.
Along with the invitation, she included a map.
Can you send the package along with the letter?

100) Apart from

Except for or in addition to something.

Apart from his work, he enjoys hiking.
Apart from the weather, everything went well.
Apart from the food, the service was excellent.
Apart from the kids, everyone attended the meeting.
Can you think of anything apart from this idea?